The Joys and Pains of Getting There (Kashmir to Ladakh by Bus)


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Last Updated on July 26, 2020 by Audrey Scott

How a two-day 258 miles bus ride through Kashmir served as my price of entry to Ladakh.

Kashmir to Ladakh - India
Mind-spanning landscapes, Kashmir to Ladakh roadtrip.

Each time he coughed, a fog of rancid death gripped my seat. From the vapors, I imagined blackened teeth and gray tongue and was reminded that the mouth is purportedly a much dirtier place than the anus.

As I turned an eye back behind me, I noted the culprit, a man sitting behind me wrapped in a pheran, scarf and other bits of South Asian alpine exotica apparel that appeared not to have been washed in their several decades of existence. I wondered where he’d come from, where he was going. And Why? What was his story?

Then, I smelled his breath again. And I wondered, “Why am I here?

The Super Deluxe Bus

It’s a difficult journey. You must have Super Deluxe,” the attendant urged. According to the signs behind the ticket desk at the Srinagar bus station in Kashmir, there were three distinct levels of service to Leh, the provincial capital of Ladakh: Super Deluxe, Deluxe and — by process of elimination yet not explicitly offered — Squalid. The Super Deluxe two-day journey cost 1050 rupees ($17) each. At a premium of only a few dollars, this seemed the wise option. In these parts, a little luxury and deluxe-ness can sometimes go a long way.

It’s a very good bus.” Given that we were not only in India, the land of dubious bus journeys, but further still in Kashmir, the only word of his I trusted was “bus.” We had a ticket with a seat number and this alone constituted victory as we imagined what the scrum would look like the following morning as the bus doors were flung open.

But our ticket read a foreboding seat assignment: #13.

The following morning at the bus stand a young middle-class Indian couple from Mumbai, also on their way to Ladakh, stood waiting. “Do you know which is our bus?” they asked, pointing to a collection of ramshackle, wheeled heaps strewn amidst a sea of passengers, hawkers, bystanders, and passers-by.

That one, I think,” Audrey pointed to the bus marked “Super Deluxe” whose appearance was neither super nor deluxe. But it was the only one headed to where we wished to go, Ladakh.

But they told us it would be super deluxe,” our young Indian friends echoed a sentiment we’d held fast to only 30 minutes earlier. We’d since moved on, accepting our fortune and embracing that it was now our turn to help others — even Indian tourists who ought to know better — to accept their fate.

I almost hugged them and said, “It’s OK. We’ll get through this together.

Flat Tires and Samosas

In the world of transport, troubling is no better defined than by a stop ten minutes into a two-day journey in order to hammer a shabby panel of sheet metal onto the undercarriage of one’s vehicle. As our co-pilot banged away in the dirt outside of a dilapidated service station, I noticed that our bus was precariously perched atop a small rock at an angle, leaving him one slight wrong move or one good gust of wind away from being flattened under the weight of our bus.

What is life if you refuse to live it on the edge? I imagined a t-shirt sporting such inspirational words. I turned away and noticed one of the passers-by from a local village wearing instead a shirt that read, “If you’re bad, I’m your dad.”

After all the passengers, men and women, peed at the edge of the irrigation canal along the rice fields out behind the garage, it was time to hit the road anew.

Thirty minutes later, we paused again, this time to fix a flat tire or perhaps to reinforce the spare.

Super Deluxe Bus - India
Our Super Deluxe Bus, 2nd stop to fix the tires.

Either way, I bore the pause no ill will as this service station included two young men hovering over a wok encrusted with ancient mustard oil. They dished out samosas and offered us bottles of cake-grit, windblown hot sauces.

We ordered two samosas, drowned them in red and green hot sauce, knowing full well this would set us either on the path to digestive hell via the bacteria inside, or digestive heaven due to the prophylactic effects of hot peppers and spice that would annihilate anything inside of us.

Then we ordered two more.

I could feel the fresh little microbes cruising around my guts. They would have to do battle with the guys that had just entered from Mumbai. I pitied the ones from the sushi we’d eaten in Japan only days before. They didn’t stand a chance.

Pakistan is Near

After meadows and green fields rapidly yielded to ever-growing mountains, that’s when the hills came alive — alive with men, men in fatigues and big automatic weapons creeping and lurking in the shadows of trees. While crouched Indian soldiers in the hills left me vaguely unsettled, the other passengers appeared totally unfazed.

I looked down at my map; we were right next door to Pakistan. Places like Skardu made famous as a site of a school (and a bridge) in Greg Mortenson’s now somewhat disgraced fictive memoir Three Cups of Tea were only some 110km away as the crow flies. Meanwhile, towering peaks and unrelenting landscape placed it more than six times further away, 725km by passable road.

Kashmir - India
Kashmir, at times, tricked us into thinking we were in Switzerland. Nanoseconds later, we realized just where we were…India, not far from the Pakistan border.

The song Kashmir by Led Zeppelin crept into my head. You know, it’s not a song at all about Kashmir, but rather about Morocco — or as many other Led Zeppelin songs probably are, about something we’ll never know.

As we approached the village of Sonamarg, mountains yielded to meadow and dried open plain. Dust kicked up and the number of vehicles grew around us like a crowd. We were no longer alone.

Why do you think those shepherds have so many horses?“ Audrey asked pointing out the window at gatherings of scarf-bedecked gypsies leading their steeds in circles.

The horses, it turns out, are ready-made for leagues of Indian tourists who descend on the region in summer and like to ride out to the glaciers on horseback. The flocks are aided in part by an Indian government program that provides Indian military families and government workers all-expense paid trips to Kashmir as a benefit of their service.

A perfect conflict juggernaut, I thought. Kashmir, wrapped in beauty and insecurity, will likely prove to be one of the world’s key — yet forever geopolitically misunderstood — flash points.

Fear Boulevard and the Ice Penis

As much as our bus moved forward, it also lurched. Like a ship in a storm, it swayed to the road’s swells, axles bending but thankfully never snapping, much like you’d expect of a well-constructed building in an epic earthquake.

The road out of Sonamarg could for me be named Fear Boulevard and ascended quickly on the approach to Zoji-La pass.

The rapid elevation gains not only boggled the mind, but also deprived it of much-needed oxygen. That such a narrow road, scraped off a mountain face and in a seeming state of constant erosion and rubble could be engineered — should be engineered — gave me wonder. 3500-foot drops stagger the mind and challenge the photographer to communicate the extreme. You know you are in thin air. What you don’t know is exactly how to capture it. And the whole thing lasts for a slow drip of about 20-25 miles.

Kashmir to Ladakh roadtrip teaser.
Stunning view from the traffic jam, Sonamarg to Drass.

Not only was this road long, perched and precarious, but it was also packed with vehicles, sometimes three and four abreast, which through the winding was a cause for genuine concern. At one point, we found ourselves above the valley by what looked about 4,000 feet. No guardrails. The roads (a term of generosity) were in horrendous moon-like shape — boulders strewn, ditches cut, water running from one steep pitch over and through our path and off the cliff. I imagined our bus becoming one with those rivulets and sliding right off the mountain face.

Coincidentally, we would hear news days later that a six-person jeep fell off a similar road across the region, taking with it the lives of three people. Spine-tingling, yet thoroughly unsurprising and reasonable.

Jeeps sped around us, threading the needle-like chain of supremely colorful “Goods Carrier” trucks. Many of them featured Muslim prayers — prayers timely and ironic as death by accident feels fresh, close at hand. The so-called Border Roads Organization (BRO) responsible for maintaining these feats of man, placed signs along the way that imparted such wisdom as “Be Mr. Late, not Late Mr.” and “Darling I like you, but not so fast.” But no one heeded them much attention.

Mountain Roads in Kashmir, Tight Passing - India
Not a lot of room to pass and it's a long ways down.

At one point, amidst stunning landscape, our bus pulled to a long halt behind a traffic jam. Audrey got out to enjoy an absurdly edge-loving closer view of the sheer drop, something she does not only because she enjoys it, but also because she secretly knows it terrifies me. Almost immediately, the co-pilot adhered himself to Audrey, as he did anytime when I was the safe distance away of more than one meter.

He explained that Armanath Cave, a holy Hindu place, was located in the valley below, just beyond the white speck tents in the distance. “In a couple of weeks there will be 10,000 or 15,000 Indians here each day for the pilgrimage. They go to the cave to see the ice lingam inside.

I shook my head trying to imagine 15,000 people on these roads. Apocalypse.

Then, I imagined the ice lingam. Or, for the uninitiated, a penis-shaped ice stalagmite.

This is no ordinary ice phallus, however. It’s a supposed representation of Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction. And it’s one that attracts scores of pilgrims, to the tune of over 600,000 each July and August. But due to lack of preparedness and acclimatization and miserable road conditions, over 100 of them on average die annually along the way.

The entirety of what I’d just considered allowed me to reflect again: we humans are an interesting lot.

Now it was now our bus’ turn to thread the needle of traffic through the cargo trucks. As I admired the full motion video of peaks and drops, I realized that one of my internal organs had been shaken loose. Maybe it was my pancreas. My palms were sweating. Were it not for the beauty, I would damn my eyes. It is an astronomically long way down.

This, I tell myself, is the price of adventure, the price of passage through Kashmir, the price of entry to Ladakh.

Mountains - Kashmir, India
Raw mountains, up close and personal. This is Kashmir.

Crossroads in the Middle of Nowhere

Drass is said to be the second coldest inhabited place on the planet. Regardless of the verity of this claim, bleakness and crispness of air seem to prevail, even in summer. Parachute tents stand nearby at the ready all year round. Drifting shepherds look as windblown from afar as they do windworn up close.

I feel slightly bad for people that live in Drass, not so much because it is cold, but because the name of their town expresses such grimness to me. Drass.

We stop for a tea break. The shops in Drass look like wooden boxes turned on their sides, strung with the latest produce from the last passing truck. Up here, this high, this cold, this remote, bananas seem a luxury. But everyone needs energy, especially the shepherds emerging from far-flung hills and gorges.

Women Wait in a Village, Kashmir to Ladakh
Kashmiri women wait on the side of the road near Drass.

Drass is the sort of place that underscores that Kashmir is a crossroads culture. Traditional trading routes have split hither and yon; they invite the willing, the needy, and the courageous to enter this region and to cross its unforgiving landscape. From Persia, the Mughal Empire to Hindustan and Tibet, Kashmir has taken them all. You can see the net of this migration and interbreeding in some Kashmiris: the lightness of the color of their eyes, the shade of their skin and also the tint of their beards.

This place has seen its share of traffic.

A landscape carved into quadrants, the never-ending bends of Kashmir.
Following the river from Drass through fields with shepherds living in parachute tents.

Kargil: A Place to Stop for the Night?

Kargil is a way station, the likes of which I imagine will someday serve as backdrop for a space age film telling of the post-apocalypse. Kargil is gritty and basic; it looks like a trading post, bartering at the end of days.

We pass by all manner of shops. Pots and pans are well represented. The Kargilis liked to cook apparently. Either that, or Kargil serves as the Great Mall of Kashmir and Ladakh.

It was also our stop for the night.

The first item of business: to find a room. As a gaggle of men engulfed upon our exiting the bus, we defensively partnered with the young Indian couple from Mumbai. They could speak the language, and he offered to maneuver and negotiate for us. Secretly, I think they also felt safer with us. They were a long ways from home, too.

We headed up the hill into the streets of Kargil, backpack-laden, following a middle-aged local man who ran a cheap guesthouse. He led us into a courtyard and up the stairs of a building that seemed mid-construction, cinderblocks stacked up on the side of the second floor in lieu of a wall.

It doesn’t look unhygienic,” Kiran, our friend from Mumbai, offered optimistically as he entered the first hotel room.

I had to laugh. It was possibly one of the most unhygienic holes I’d seen in seven years, maybe only outdistanced by the huts in the Sikkim hills where rats fell from the rafters onto our shoulders as we slept.

Not unhygienic?!” But I was tired and feeling ill. Who was I to argue?

I can say with almost complete confidence that the bed sheets, in their uncountable years of service, were never once washed. In the bathroom, a painfully dim fluorescent bulb dangled from a ceiling wire and cast the place in the pall of a horror show sanatorium. Atmosphere teetered between bleak and grim. I’d have to go with grim on TripAdvisor.

The room next door was the same size, only it was home to about ten men, all lingering under one lone light bulb.

My imagination kicked in. This looked like the sort of place where outlaws gun-running for the mujahideen might hole up for the night before making their way eventually to the mules waiting at the Khyber Pass.

This was a smugglers hotel. A flophouse. The stuff of lore. And I was living it.

Of Bed Bugs and Morning Ablutions

I awoke the next morning to the unsettling beep-beep-beep of the alarm at 4AM. Instantly, I knew I’d been food; my waist and back were lined with bedbug bites. I know, I know: bedbugs are hygiene agnostic, they enjoy filth as much as they do luxury.

But I know: smugglers and gunrunners across the Himalaya and the Hindu Kush, they must all be bedbug infested.

Our bus was scheduled to leave at 4:30AM, but as all good schedules in this part of the world go, it was missed generously, offering us the opportunity to watch closely as the man with bad breath performed his morning ablutions in the bus parking lot. With the aid of a small tin of water, and an inventorying of his nostrils with blackened fingers, he expelled an astounding amount of sputum into a small puddle on the ground.

In Kashmir, the land of desiccation, it was the only moisture for miles. The ground devoured it almost instantly.

The Bend in the Road at Buddhism

Later that morning, we found inspiration in the village of Mulbekh, a crossroads within a crossroads. It’s low-slung skyline set against the hills and bends in the road tells a story of a region that has known many religions in its history. Mosques and Buddhist temples coexist, as do the Muslims and Buddhists who visit them. Appearances begin to shift. Wide faces with high cheekbones replace the darker, more chiseled features of the Kashmiris.

Kashmir, India Mountains
A few fields emerge in the midst of high desert and mountains, Kargil to Mulbekh.

Breakfast, too, lifts our spirits: a simple yet dazzling truck stop thali. Giant cauldrons stew egg curries and lentils and greens; three dishes with rice run us a cool 60 rupees ($1.20 or so). It was the egg that cost extra.

Landscapes shift into moonscape rocks. Our environment now looks like the Ladakh I’d had in my mind. Lamayuru, a town inset in mountain stone served as foundation to monasteries built on top of the hill. My imagination stretched to consider what it must have taken to build this place.

Tibetan Prayer Flags and Lamayuru Monastery - Ladakh, India
Lamayuru Monastery built up on the hill. Mind-boggling when you think that some parts are almost 1,000 years old.

From the side of the road, we picked up a Buddhist monk wearing black, wide-rimmed, photo-gray glasses. He looked like a young Dalai Lama. It didn’t seem out of the realm of possibility that he could have been a close relative.

We dropped him off an hour later in what seemed like the middle of nowhere, a narrow dirt road snaking nowhere discernible into the hills.

A slice of light in a storm over the Lamayuru "moonscape" en route Kashmir to Ladakh
Moonscape, a road runs through it.

Where are they coming from? Where are they going? I wish I knew.

Leh: My Why, My Way

The bus entered Leh, the capital of Ladakh. It had taken two days to advance 258 miles (416 km). I felt on top of the world and also, because of the nature of the journey, very much deep inside of it. Srinagar to Leh via a wobbling bus was my gateway through worlds, from one to another, unto each other.

As we turned into the Leh bus terminal station, the man behind me seemed to let out a gasp as if to close the trip, to bookend it with one last hack. As much as I cursed the roads, the bus, the bed bugs, and the bad breath of the last two days, I wouldn’t have traded any of it for the ease of an hour-long flight.

An experience such as this defies a flyover. It also fit as the final segment of a quest, one that began over fifteen years ago in San Francisco with a photo on a neighbor’s wall.

Though the road was rocky, it was the journey that mattered – because it helped me understand where I was and why I’d come all this way.

About Daniel Noll
Travel and life evangelist. Writer, speaker, storyteller and consultant. Connecting people to experiences that will change their lives. Originally from the U.S. Daniel has lived abroad since 2001 and most recently has been on the road since 2006. When he's not writing for the blog you can keep up with his adventures on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. And you can learn more about him on the About Page and on LinkedIn.

33 thoughts on “The Joys and Pains of Getting There (Kashmir to Ladakh by Bus)”

  1. Wow! Amazing photos and an interesting story that had me laughing in places and imagining myself right along with you in others. Usually I read your posts and think to myself, “This goes on the list of places I want to see” but Ladakh?…I don’t know…

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  2. Hey, stumbled here via twitter and found ur journey absolutely amazing. I’m an Indian, yet to visit Leh or Kashmir but even I wouldn’t dare of taking a dubious bus on these heights. Love ur blog!

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  3. This is just such an incredible experience and the landscape is so breath-taking. I really hope to make it there soon and these praying flags remind me of my stay in Lhasa last year.

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  4. Hello Daniel Noll,
    thank you for that great articel. Unfortunately I just went to Ladakh. This himalaya mountain areal was stunning. I took to way over the Changla Pass (5360m). That was a once in a lifetime experience.

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  5. I’ve always wanted to go to Kashmir and now even more…even if I have to endure a similar busride. Your photos, as always, are stunning and the story is so, so Indian! Love it!

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  6. Ah yes, the transport option with the misleading name. Haven’t we all been there? For me, it was the “first-class bus” in Thailand. One of the luxuries we got to enjoy was a lavatory. Guess what, it didn’t flush. And thanks to our strategic seats, it was so close that it was practically an ensuite. It was also a 12-hour ride.

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  7. @Anita: Perhaps I didn’t “sell” it well enough, but if transformative sorts of experiences are appealing to you, Ladakh is definitely worth a look. If the bus from Srinigar to Ladakh doesn’t sound like joy, there are always jeeps.

    @Sam: One piece, and the better for it.

    @Deeksha: Thank you. Glad to see you here.

    @Agness: When you make it to Ladakh, you might just find it even more Buddhist than Tibet. Enjoy.

    @Gabriel: Refreshing…thank you!

    @Corinne: Glad you enjoyed it. There are myriad ways to get to Kashmir, including by train and also jeep. From Kashmir through to Ladakh, you basically have an option between shared jeep/car or bus. And into Ladakh, you can always fly, but I think that’s missing more than half the fun.

    @Steve: Kashmir to Ladakh — amazing doesn’t begin to touch it. And that was just the journey in. I still have more writing in me about once we got on the ground in Ladakh and began hiking the Markha Valley.

    @Deia: Lavatory on a bus…that is luxury, no matter the condition. Been there in the situation you describe, in more countries than I can remember. Enjoy the ride 🙂

    @Soness: Thank you! Glad I managed to communicate the winding of the story through the winding of the roads.

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  8. Love how the story winds as precariously as the bus drives along the raid stopping for more richness along the way. Daniel Noll, such a storyteller!

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  9. Even though your journey to Leh sounded grueling, for some reason I want to make the trip. Maybe it was the fantastic photos in the article. It surely wasn’t the bed bugs! Very nice article.

    George
    WeSaidGoTravel

    Reply
  10. @George: Thank you! Sometimes we want to take those trips because they are grueling, or perhaps for the reasons that make them grueling. And maybe sometimes, we just want to take the trip because no matter what, it’s worth it. This is one of those trips.

    Enjoy the journey!

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  11. Wow, I admire you going there! It is an amazingly beautiful place and I think all obstacles on the way must have been worth it to get to see all you saw. Great job, guys!

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  12. Kashmir is one of the most beautiful places in India. Visiting kashmir will give our heart to pleasant and peace. Nice post and thanks for sharing.

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  13. This is one of my dream destinations. I always plan to visit here but something always comes up but it’s in my top list;) You didn’t mention much about Srinagar and the interesting areas around Srinagar. ( I am originally from there, so very curious about what you have to write on it ;)) Hope you write a separate post on it. By the way, hats off to you for traveling by bus from Kashmir to Ladhak…..it must be tiring. ..

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    • Hi, aaliyah. Was a great trip from Kashmir to Ladakh and worth the effort. We spend a night in Srinagar on the way in (on a houseboat on Lake Nagin — which is quieter and less busy than Dal Lake) and also in Srinagar town on the way back. We covered Srinagar and the sights and experiences earlier in our instagram feed: http://instagram.com/uncornered_market

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  14. hello Daniel sir ,

    thanks to u for visiting but it was not informative at all and also ur reactions/comments for the peoples of ladakh was not good .By staying for 2 hours ? at a place u could know peoples ….. fantastic sir, EVEN charles xavier cant do this .
    i think if u dont stay for at least 1 single day plz dont use terms mujahideen , an about tat bedsheet (dont expect much from cheapest hotels) n so on n on ….. i think u shout visit again and should see the peoples hospitality n honesty …….
    u really didnt searched for the best kargil leh ladakh . i think a tourist must know about the place before visitings …. u even didnt know what is the capital of ladakh .
    i m deeply hurt by this ridiculous or what can i say useless adventure . i m just saying about what was rght n what was worng , dont take it otherwise sir …

    once thank you for visiting here ….

    may b u cud get a gud hospitality next time

    thnk you
    Murtaza

    Reply
    • Thank you for your feedback, Murtaza. It’s important to note that we sometimes, or perhaps often, write about a destination purely for the purpose of accurately and fairly telling the story of our travel experience and also the story of the people we meet. Our stories about a destination are not intended to be exhaustive or encyclopedic, but one lens through which to view traveling where we’ve traveled. Perhaps that approach does not qualify as informative for all readers. But for some, it does. Finally, we intend our stories to be accurate to our experience. If in the course of our telling our story, some are offended, we apologize. To offend is not our motivation or intent.

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  15. I’ll be in India in July and I’m thinking of going to Ladakh. I’d love to do the overland trip but I’m a solo female traveller (of Indian descent). Do you have any thoughts? Did you see any women taking this ~super deluxe~ trip alone?

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    • ladakh is safer for everyone , u can travel alone in tat bus . if u want to go in a comfort then try to look for private bus which u can find near kak sarai ,near gol market srinagar . it will take 400 only . ty

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    • Vini, there were no solo female travelers on our bus, but we did see some in Ladakh who traveled by bus. I do think that you would be fine, especially as I find older women (e.g., grandmothers) step in and become quite protective if there are “interested” younger men around. Also, you can put your bag next to you to avoid anyone sitting directly by you. One person who might be useful to contact about this is Shivya Nath from the blog, The Shooting Star, who is an Indian solo female traveler who has spent quite a bit of time in Ladakh.

      Reply
  16. My son and I are thinking about doing some trekking in Ladakh as part of our bigger Central Asia trip. If we were to fly into Leh rather than driving up from Delhi or Srinigar, do we run a significant risk of altitude sickness?

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    • Sue, great to hear that you and your son are planning a Ladakh trek as part of your bigger journey. Lots of people fly into Leh and successfully go on treks afterwards. My suggestion is to plan for 3 days of acclimatization at the beginning, especially if you don’t have much experience yet at high altitudes (e.g., trekking in Nepal). Take it easy on those days, but also try to take short walks around Leh as recommended here: https://uncorneredmarket.com/ladakh-trekking-beginners-guide/#acclimatization

      Reply

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